f emissions policies on national competitiveness – or the perception of an impact – threatens global climate change efforts not only by leading some countries to opt out of the international climate change mitigation regime, but also by increasing the risk of carbon leakage, i.e., the relocation of emissions-intensive industries to states with less rigorous emissions policies. Addressing competitiveness concerns is therefore crucial to the long-term viability of an effective global emissions reduction regime. So-called border tax adjustments