ction While the central means for combating climate change – emissions reduction requirements – does not per se have international trade law implications – it is often accompanied by a raft of other measures that do: e.g. trade restrictions, subsidies, labelling, standards, public procurement, etc. Such measures are aimed at creating incentives for low carbon goods and services and to protect the competitive position of those implementing emissions reduction commitments. They are also the kinds of measures that are governed, in part, by th