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Special Issue: The Legal Aspects of REDD+ Implementation: Translating the International Rules into Effective National Frameworks ∙ The Warsaw Framework for REDD+: Implications for National Implementation and Access to Results-based Finance

Christina Voigt, Felipe Ferreira


The Warsaw Framework for REDD+ (WFR) has established a robust and comprehensive framework for the effective and sustained implementation of REDD+ activities while aiming at environmental integrity and tangible results. A critical element of the WFR are the modalities for measuring, reporting and verifying (MRV) greenhouse gas emissions and removals as an essential tool for linking REDD+ activities to results-based finance. This article describes the WFR and indicates six of its implications for the implementation of REDD+ in developing countries in the context of access to results-based finance. These include (1) the accumulative nature of the requirements to obtain results-based finance, (2) a higher degree of normative bindingness and (3) systematic integration of UNFCCC COP decisions on REDD+. Furthermore, (4) the WFR enhanced transparency of MRV processes and (5) promotes centralization at the national level, by linking MRV processes to reporting obligations of developing countries under the UNFCCC and by providing the opportunity of creating a voluntary national entity or focal point for REDD+, increasing the (6) need for inter-sectoral and inter-agency coordination. While all six implications will be discussed, the article highlights in particular the aspects of centralization and increased transparency.

Christina Voigt, Professor, University of Oslo, Department of Public and International Law/Center of Excellence – PluriCourts, Norway; Felipe Ferreira, M.Sc., Deputy Head of the Division of Climate, Ozone and Chemical Safety, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Brazil. Both authors have been involved in negotiations under the UNFCCC, as part of the Norwegian and Brazilian delegation, respectively. During the negotiations that lead to the adoption of the WFR, Christina Voigt was co-chair of the COP work programme on results-based finance and Felipe Ferreira was lead REDD+ negotiator for the Brazilian delegation. The views expressed in this article are personal and the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not reflect the views of the Norwegian or Brazilian government.

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