Sven Bode, Helmuth-M. Groscurth

Carbon & Climate Law Review, Volume 3 (2009), Issue 2, Page 10

t partly contradict each other (see Figure 1). Over time, the focus has shifted: economic efficiency has become a central aspect for the liberalisation of the electricity market. This development was initiated at the end of the last century with the EU directive concerning the internal market in electricity.1 Many motivating factors underlie this development; paragraph 4 of the directive provides an overview: Whereas establishment of the internal market in electricity is particularly important in order to increase efficiency in the product

Sven Bode, Lars Dietrich

Carbon & Climate Law Review, Volume 2 (2008), Issue 2, Page 6

carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been sufficiently documented in existing literature. Below, the main steps are therefore only briefly described. Interested readers are referred to other sources, most importantly to the Special Report on Carbon Capture and Storage recently published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).1 CO2 can be captured during the process of energy transformation. This is done either prior to combustion, after the combustion process, or using the so called oxyfuel-method. For the latter, combust

Sven Bode, Omar Scharifi

Carbon & Climate Law Review, Volume 1 (2007), Issue 2, Page 14

/>In the context of the fight against global warming, greenhouse gas emissions trading has become one of the most important instruments on both the global and the regional level. On the global level, the Kyoto Protocol and the related Marrakech Accords define a regulatory framework. On the regional level, the EU emissions trading scheme is the predominant system. These agreements create new markets for emission entitlements.1 Such new markets inherently raise competitiveness issues, both as regards the introduction of the instrument itsel