South Africa has ratified both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol; and, as a UNFCCC Non-Annex-I Party, the name of which does not appear on Annex B to Kyoto, the country has not assumed a quantified emissions limitation and reduction objective (QELRO) for greenhouse gases. As a developing country, South Africa is especially vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change.1 The country is highly dependent on coal to meet its energy needs with in excess of 90 per cent of South Africa’s electricity